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My research focuses on exploring the structure and dynamics of social exclusion to understand how racial and ethnic inequality occurs within the capitalist world-economy.

As a historical sociologist, critical criminologist, and urban ethnographer, I have endeavored to bring my research strands together in a variety of ways, best captured under the following three distinct, yet interrelated, themes: first, protest waves: ethnic/racial mobilizations and violence in the global South; second, institutionalization of social exclusion: urban politics and activism; and third, racial capitalism: justice disinvestment, hate crimes and violence, and anti-Asian racism.

My most recent works can be found in “Revisiting Antisystemic Movements in the Global South: Struggles against Exclusion and Struggles against Exploitation” in Third World Quarterly 44(10) and “From Place of Speculation To Space of Resistance: Transforming Urban Politics on Urban Redevelopment in Seoul” in Reclaiming Democracy in Cities (Routledge).

My ongoing book project, The Age of Protest: World-Historical Structure and Dynamics of Protest Waves in the Global South in the Long Twentieth Century, explores the world-historical patterns of protest waves in the global South during the period of U.S. hegemony.

My new project delves into how Korean immigrants and Korean Americans redefine their national/ethnic identities in the hierarchy of racial/ethnic structure by the process of racial/ethnic inclusion and exclusion and transmit transnational racialization on the global political economy.